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The Ten Commandments

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Sermon for the First Day of Lent

Romans 13:8-10  +  Mark 12:28-34

The Lenten fast or “giving up something for Lent” has been around for a long time. And, if used for the purpose of self-denial, prayer, works of charity, or reflection on spiritual things, fasting can be a helpful tool, a useful discipline. We maintain that fasting should never be forced on anyone in the New Testament Church, since God doesn’t force it on us. But during this Lenten season I’ll encourage you to engage in another kind of discipline. During the six Wednesdays of Lent, prior to Holy Week, we’re going to review together the six chief parts of Luther’s Small Catechism. One part per week, starting tonight. And I’m encouraging you, not only to set aside every Wednesday for these services, but to take your Small Catechism out, and read the part for the week at least once a day. If it makes it easier, you can pick up a copy of the weekly catechism reading from the table in the narthex.

This evening, we begin with the First Chief Part: The Ten Commandments. We can’t possibly talk about each one in depth in a single sermon. But it’s my hope that this service will help you to read them fruitfully throughout the coming week.

The Ten Commandments were thundered down to Israel by God from Mt. Sinai, and later written by God’s own hand on two stone tablets. They were part of the Old Testament, the binding covenant which God established with Israel, through Moses, and into which the people of Israel willingly entered. All the words which the LORD has said we will do.

Why do we care? We are not Israelites, after all. We never signed onto that covenant and were never asked to. We care about the Ten Commandments, because we did sign onto the New Testament by being baptized into the name of the same Yahweh God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. And in the Ten Commandments, the will of our God for mankind’s behavior is revealed. They reflect who our God is, teach us what His standards are of right and wrong, teach us what we are to do and not do, think and not think, desire and not desire, in order to be holy people in fellowship with the holy God. We care, because the Ten Commandments teach us Christians why we needed a Savior named Jesus in the first place.

As you heard tonight in both Scripture lessons, the Ten Commandments are summarized with the word, “Love.” Love is not optional. It wasn’t for OT Israel, it isn’t for NT Christians, either. Love is the fulfillment of the law. And, as you may remember from your catechism classes, the Law serves as both mirror and guide.

The Law is a mirror. It shows us what we look like—like sinners, who have not kept God’s commandments. As a mirror, the Ten Commandments tell us what we’re supposed to do and not do, desire and not desire, so that we may see clearly how far short of God’s glory we fall. The man who does these things shall live by them. But we haven’t done them. Not all of them. Not all the time. No one has. And so the curse of the Law is pronounced on all men: Cursed is the one who does not continue to do everything written in the book of the Law…Therefore by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight, for by the law is the knowledge of sin.

But the Law is also a guide. As a guide, it shows us Christians, who have been redeemed from the curse of the Law by Christ, who became a curse for us, the holy lives that holy people are called to live. We are called to walk by the Spirit. And the Ten Commandments are a Spirit-inspired summary of how the Spirit teaches us to walk.

So we turn to the First Table of the Law, the first three commandments, summarized by love for God.

1st: You shall have no other gods. Every form of idolatry is forbidden, every form of worship of any god except for the One who reveals Himself in the Bible as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Instead of serving other gods, we are to fear, love, and trust in the true God above all things, including ourselves. He is to be our all in all, while all that we have and all that we are is to be entirely devoted to Him.

2nd: You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God. The LORD, or Yahweh, or God, or Jesus, or Christ, is not a name to be tossed around lightly, much less used as a curse, or for needless swearing, lying, deceiving, or practicing witchcraft. His name is to be holy to you. For sacred use only. God’s name is to be used for good, to call upon Him in the day of trouble, to praise Him in front of other people and tell of all His wondrous deeds, to give thanks to Him, at all times, and in all places.

3rd: You shall sanctify the Day of Rest, or, Remember the Sabbath Day, to keep it holy. The Old Testament regulation about doing no work from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday has fallen away. But God’s command to hear His Word regularly, to cherish the preaching of it, to use His Sacraments with reverence, and to honor and support the ministry of the Word—that command remains.

The first three commandments summarize how we are to love God directly, by honoring Him, His name, and His Word. The rest of the commandments, the Second Table of the Law, show us how to love God by loving our neighbor. Your neighbor is literally the person next to you, the one whom God places in your direct path, which begins with your immediate family.

4th: You shall honor your father and your mother. God has placed children under the authority of their father and mother, not only demanding outward obedience to them, but also the honor and respect of the heart. That honor and respect are to remain even when the parents are old, even if the same level of obedience to them is no longer required. By extension, this commandment applies to all the authorities that God has placed us under. We are to honor them, serve and obey them, love and respect them.

5th: You shall not murder. No one is permitted to end a human life (and yes, that includes abortion) unless God authorizes it in His word, as He does for the government in the case of evildoers, or as He does for the average citizen if a thief breaks into his home or poses an imminent threat to his life. And if we are to avoid taking another person’s life, then we are also to avoid mistreating our neighbor’s body (or our own bodies!). On the contrary, we are to provide help for our neighbor’s bodily needs as we are able.

6th: You shall not commit adultery. Or as the writer to the Hebrews puts it, Let marriage be held in honor among all, and let the marriage bed be undefiled, for God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterous. God gets to define the terms of sexual relations, just as He gets to define man and woman, husband and wife. He designed marriage to be a sacred, loving, lifelong bond, where husbands and wives love and cherish each other. And He clearly forbids all sex outside of marriage, all homosexual behavior, all pretending to be a different gender than the one He made you to be, and divorce in most, but not all, cases.

7th: You shall not steal. God permits people to acquire things and to own things, and He forbids people from taking things that another person owns, unless the person freely agrees to sell it or trade it or give it away.

8th: You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor. Our tongues and our typing fingers are to take great care, lest we say or write something that may harm our neighbor’s reputation. Lying about our neighbor to get him in trouble is a sin, but so is telling the truth about our neighbor in such a way that we expose a sin that we have no business exposing.

9th: You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. This commandment, together with the next, is especially revealing. No human government can regulate your desires. But God can, and does. Not only are you not allowed to take your neighbor’s house from him. You aren’t even allowed to desire it, to set your heart on it, to be discontent with your own house. And not only house, but…

10th: You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, workers, animals, or anything that is his. You are to control your desires, to the point that, whatever possessions the Lord enables you to have, whatever opportunities, whatever place in life the Lord gives you, you are to be content with these. And while you may desire something beyond what you now have, you commit those desires to the Lord, and if He provides it, good! And if not, good! But setting your heart on what your neighbor has, and growing bitter over your neighbor having something that you crave, such desires are forbidden by God.

If you stop and really think about all these commandments, what obedience looks like from the start of your life to the end of it, when you take into account what James says about the commandments, that whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it, it’s clear that all men, including us, are lawbreakers.

But during this Lenten season, we celebrate our Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Ten Commandments show us the reason why, because no man can hold up his own obedience to the commandments to God and claim, “See, God! I have kept them all!” Instead, everyone must approach God as a humble beggar and admit, “Oh, God! I am a poor, wretched sinner!”

But sinners are called, not to despair, but to repent, and to run to Christ, the Redeemer, where God promises that sinners will find forgiveness, on the basis of His obedience, on the basis of His suffering and death, which He suffered for all our lawbreaking. So run to Christ and stay close to Him, because where He is, there the commandments can no longer accuse or condemn, because Jesus has fulfilled them all in our place.

But as you stay close to Christ, you dare not ignore God’s commandments. As John says, This is love for God: to keep His commandments. For the redeemed, this is the path. This is the way, each and every day. Do you love the God who has redeemed you? Would you serve the God who has redeemed you? Would you be holy, as God Himself has called you to be? Then, as Jesus Himself said, If you love Me, keep My commandments. Amen.

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First confession, then deliverance

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Sermon for the First Day of Lent

Isaiah 59:12-21

As he has done for us already since the beginning of this Church Year, the Lord’s servant, the prophet Isaiah, will guide us through this Lenten season as well. We often hear this reading from Isaiah 59 on the First Day of Lent—either this reading or a reading from Jonah chapter 3, where Jonah preached repentance to the people of Nineveh, and they did repent, and God spared them from the destruction He had threatened.

Isaiah preaches repentance, too. That’s the theme, the focus of the traditional Lenten season, and why we continue to observe the season, as we observe all the traditional seasons of the traditional Church Year. People think Lent is about fasting or giving up something or some other external human practice or invention. But it’s really about repentance—taking our sins seriously, so that we also learn to take our Savior seriously, so that we then learn to take our sanctification seriously, so that we may live each day intentionally, in willing and purposeful service to God and to our neighbor—all of which starts with devotion to God’s Word and to the preaching of it.

And so the prophet Isaiah leads us in making confession of ours sins before God on this First Day of Lent, even as he led the captive Israelites to make confession. That was a necessary step before they would be ready for the deliverance that the Lord had promised from their captivity. Before they could be delivered from captivity, they had to own the sins that had led to their captivity in the first place.

For our transgressions are multiplied before You, And our sins testify against us;

This is how you make confession before God. With honesty. With humility. Not offering up any excuses. Not trying to justify yourself before God and explain why you had good reasons to rebel against His commandments. Not holding up all the good things you’ve done, as if they somehow outweighed the sins you’ve committed. Not holding yourself up next to someone else and saying, “I know I’m not perfect, but You know, Lord, I’m better than this guy.” No. Our transgressions are multiplied before You, and our sins testify against us.

For our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them: In transgressing and lying against the LORD, and departing from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.

“Transgressing” means intentionally stepping over the line. God says, “Do this!”, and I say, “No, I don’t think I will.” God says, “Don’t do that!”, and I say, “Yeah, I’m gonna do that, no matter what You say.” “Iniquities” are perversions of God’s commandments, turning away from what God has commanded to what I want to do instead. The Israelites often did this with all Ten Commandments and with the civil and ceremonial laws as well. They often ignored God’s commandments and did what they wanted. Their society was supposed to be governed by God’s laws, but instead they became just as corrupt and godless as any secular society. “Lying against the Lord,” Isaiah says. Claiming to be servants of the true God while living contrary to the word and commandments of that God—and refusing to repent!

Justice is turned back, And righteousness stands afar off; For truth is fallen in the street, And equity cannot enter. So truth fails, And he who departs from evil makes himself a prey. (a target)

Justice, righteousness, truth—those were supposed to be the defining characteristics of the nation whose God was the LORD, as a nation and as individuals within the nation. But justice, righteousness, and truth never fully described Israelite society, and even less so by the time of the end, when God’s patience had run out and He sent the Babylonian armies against them.

Now, this condemnation certainly applies to our society as well. Justice is turned back, And righteousness stands afar off; For truth is fallen in the street, And equity cannot enter. So truth fails. It’s true. There is much injustice in our society and our world. Who can really trust the justice system in any country anymore? There is much unrighteousness in our society, where we have even come to disagree with God about what things are righteous and what things are unrighteous, promoting unrighteousness with practically every TV show, every movie, every ad, and most public policies. As for truth? People are perfectly content to pick and choose which parts of the Bible they accept as true and which parts they don’t. Hardly anyone believes anymore that God’s whole Word is truth, even in the most basic things like gender and marriage, or the murder of little children, much less the truth of salvation through faith alone in Jesus, the Christ, the Son of the living God. Even most who claim to be Christians don’t live or believe in line with the Bible anymore. And he who departs from evil, in today’s world, makes himself a target.

But Isaiah isn’t preaching to the society out there. No, the ones being led by the prophet Isaiah to confess are, first, the Israelites as the Church of God on earth at that time. And now, it’s all who claim to be part of the Church of God on earth at this time, that is, you and I and all who would call themselves Christians.

This is where it’s helpful to take out your Small Catechism and read through the Ten Commandments, with their little explanations, slowly, thoughtfully. Instead of a Lenten fast, I’m going to suggest to you that, during this Lenten season, in addition to making every effort to attend all our services together, you actually take out your Catechism, at home, and read through one of the six chief parts at least once, each week, for these six weeks of Lent, starting with the Ten Commandments. If you do that honestly and humbly, then you will surely be able to confess with Isaiah, our transgressions are multiplied before You, and our sins testify against us; For our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them. Maybe you’re guilty of willful transgressions against God’s Law which separate you from God’s grace and salvation, in which case, Repent! Confess your sins, before it’s too late! Or maybe you’ve been living in humble repentance and your sins are not willful and stubborn, but the every-day sins of weakness and unintentional offenses that all Christians commit. As St. John writes in his first Epistle, If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

It’s that forgiveness and cleansing that we seek. We don’t confess our sins just to get things off our chest, or to have a little cathartic exercise in feeling bad about ourselves for a while. We confess our sins so that God may forgive them, remove them from our account, and so that we may mend our ways and strive not to offend God and our neighbor.

In the rest of chapter 59, Isaiah holds out a sure hope for all the penitent. Then the LORD saw it, and it displeased Him That there was no justice. He saw that there was no man, And wondered that there was no intercessor; Therefore His own arm brought salvation for Him; And His own righteousness, it sustained Him.

For He put on righteousness as a breastplate, And a helmet of salvation on His head; He put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, And was clad with zeal as a cloak.

The Lord’s solution to Israel’s transgressions was to come and save them. There was no one else who could do it. They couldn’t save themselves. They couldn’t atone for their own sins, or make intercession for themselves. Because they were all guilty of sin. How can a guilty person make intercession for other guilty people? How can the unrighteous make intercession for the unrighteous? No, God devised His own solution. He would send His Son into human flesh. He would make atonement for our sins and transgressions and iniquities by suffering and dying on the cross, the Righteous for the unrighteous. He would make intercession for us, on the basis of His sacrifice, a holy Man, pleading for unholy men, “Father, forgive them!” It’s this zeal of the Lord Jesus for our salvation that we focus on during the Lenten season, our Lord and Savior, going into battle to save us from sin, death, and the devil.

According to their deeds, accordingly He will repay, Fury to His adversaries, Recompense to His enemies; The coastlands He will fully repay.

Anyone who has opposed or oppressed God’s people—and has refused to repent—will receive from the Lord Jesus, not love, not acceptance, not salvation, but judgment. Fiery judgment. The enemies and adversaries of God who refuse to repent of their sins will be repaid according to their deeds, with eternal condemnation. But God offers His enemies reconciliation through the blood of His Son. Repent and believe in Him, God says, and I will no longer count your sins against you, since I’ve already counted them against My beloved Son.

So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west, And His glory from the rising of the sun; When the enemy comes in like a flood, The Spirit of the LORD will lift up a standard against him.

Why will people fear the name of the Lord? Both because of His just punishment against His enemies and because of His mercy and goodness in providing salvation for all who believe. Now penitent believers have no need to fear any enemy, especially the enemies of sin, death, and the devil, because the Spirit of Lord lifts up a standard against every enemy of God’s people: the preaching of Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

“The Redeemer will come to Zion, And to those who turn from transgression in Jacob,” Says the LORD.

There is God’s promise, to send Christ the Redeemer to Zion, that is, to His Church. But, again, He’s not coming to rescue those who wish to remain in their sins and transgressions, He’s coming to those who turn from them, first in their hearts, through repentance, and then in their lives, by putting to death the deeds of the flesh and by walking according to the new man, in righteousness and holiness.

“As for Me,” says the LORD, “this is My covenant with them: My Spirit who is upon you, and My words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your descendants, nor from the mouth of your descendants’ descendants,” says the LORD, “from this time and forevermore.”

God has kept this unlikely promise. He preserved Isaiah’s words of warning and comfort for the Jews held captive in Babylon. And He has preserved them for thousands of years more, so that they might reach even us in these last days. And He’ll continue to preserve His Word all the way up to the end of the world, when He brings about our final deliverance from every enemy and from every evil. God, for His part, will continue to provide His word and everything necessary for your salvation. As for you, continue to use His word and to put it into practice. May this Lenten season provide you with just such an opportunity: to hear and to ponder, to repent of your sins and be comforted by the length to which your God has gone to save you from them, to turn away from transgression, and to live a life devoted to keeping God’s commandments. Amen.

Source: Sermons